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Feature Article: S-Turns
The two downwind and two upwind turns of the S-turn combine
the four quadrants of the left and right turns about a point.
The technique calls for the wings to be momentarily level at the
moment of crossing the reference line. The bank angle used just
before leveling the wings will be the same angle but opposite
bank after crossing the reference line. It is important to get
as long a reference line as possible. It helps if the line happens
to have regular division lines to help the student keep the S
as symmetrical as possible. It is a good practice to work the
S to and from both ends of the reference line. In a strong wind
the downwind turns and reversal of bank will need to be quite
abrupt and steep. The upwind turns will be proportionately gradual
and shallow.
One of the best experiences I have every had doing S-turns
was over a slow moving freight train engine. Occasionally, a series
of suitable small fields exist. As with all ground reference at
the private pilot level you are seeking symmetry at constant altitude.
wind direction
Entry
Common mistakes in making S-turns are such as not varying the
bank angle and forgetting to change the bank angle to correct
for the wind effect. If the pilot does not alternate his scan
in and out of the cockpit then there may be wide variations in
altitude. Keeping track of the wind direction is important in
the correct performance of S-turns.
Last Modified January 15, ©2026 TAGE.COM
